Understanding Glaucoma: What Increases Eye Pressure?
Introduction
Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can damage your vision without warning signs. One of the main risk factors for this condition is high eye pressure, also known as intraocular pressure (IOP). Knowing what affects eye pressure and how to control it is key to protecting your eyesight.
What Is Eye Pressure?
Eye pressure, or intraocular pressure (IOP), is the fluid pressure inside your eye. It’s measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and the normal range is 12 to 22 mmHg. Keeping eye pressure within a healthy range helps maintain proper blood flow to the optic nerve and reduces the risk of damage.
How Eye Pressure and Glaucoma Are Connected
Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can cause permanent vision loss. High eye pressure doesn’t always lead to glaucoma, but it is a major risk factor. Over time, elevated IOP can put stress on the optic nerve, leading to gradual vision damage. Lowering eye pressure is the most effective way to slow or prevent glaucoma.
Common Causes of High Eye Pressure
Several factors can raise eye pressure, including:
- Family History: Genetics play a big role in eye health. If glaucoma runs in your family, you’re at higher risk.
- Age: Eye pressure tends to increase with age, especially after 40.
- Ethnicity: People of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent face a higher risk of glaucoma.
- Medical Conditions: Diabetes and other health issues can raise eye pressure.
- Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye can affect fluid balance and increase pressure.
- Medications: Long-term use of steroids can lead to higher IOP.
How to Prevent and Manage High Eye Pressure
High eye pressure doesn’t always mean glaucoma, but controlling it is important for eye health. Here’s how:
- Regular Eye Checkups: Comprehensive eye exams can detect changes early.
- Stay Healthy: Exercise, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking.
- Use Prescribed Medications: Eye drops and oral medicines can help lower pressure.
- Consider Surgery: If medication isn’t enough, laser treatments like trabeculoplasty may be recommended.
Conclusion
You can’t feel high eye pressure, but it can silently harm your vision. Understanding what raises IOP and taking steps to manage it can help protect your eyesight for years to come.
FAQs
Q: What are the early signs of glaucoma?
A: Most people have no symptoms until the disease is advanced. That’s why regular checkups are essential.
Q: Can glaucoma be cured?
A: There’s no cure, but treatment can slow or prevent vision loss.
Q: Can I check my eye pressure at home?
A: Home testing devices are still limited. The most accurate check is done by an eye specialist.
Q: How often should I have an eye exam?
A: If you’re over 40 or have a family history of glaucoma, yearly exams are recommended.
Q: Are there natural ways to lower eye pressure?
A: Healthy habits like exercise and good nutrition may help, but always consult your doctor before trying alternatives.
